Do Congress Have To Put Their Money In A Blind Trust

States frequently require authorities employees and elected officials to recuse themselves and disclose when public duties might bear on their personal financial interests. Failing to abide by disclosure or conflict rules may upshot in public scrutiny and, in some cases, sanctions. Sprawling business concern interests may crave recusal from an every bit sprawling number of duties.

In some cases, the same experience that qualifies an individual for a role may create potential conflicts of involvement. Legislators with experience in an industry are more than likely to be given commission assignments involving the regulation of that manufacture. All the same, that experience may be tied to ongoing personal financial interests that would require recusal from participating in those matters. Some legislators may use blind trusts in an attempt to ethically balance private interests with public duties.

In a bullheaded trust, an individual places assets that could otherwise create conflicts of interest into an asset vehicle ("trust"). Command over the trust and its avails are given to an contained trustee, who may buy and sell assets without the knowledge or consent of the casher ("blind"). In theory, a public official with a blind trust would be immunized from potential conflicts stemming from the avails held in trust because the legislator-beneficiary would have no noesis of the impact of official actions on the personal financial interests.

Blind trusts provide one potential solution in some states, but setting up one can be expensive and time consuming. Critics of the do take as well argued against their effectiveness. This column from State Legislatures Magazine and this LegisBrief provide additional information about some of the different perspectives on blind trusts.

The following table lists bullheaded trust statutes in each state, D.C., Virgin Islands, Guam and Puerto Rico. Relevant administrative rules, advisory opinions and other authoritative sources of interpretation are cited where found. Note: legislators in states lacking relevant laws may even so form blind trusts. Disharmonize and disclosure rules may crave noesis of a potential disharmonize, and so the lack of awareness created by a blind trust might provide protection from conflicts. Officials in some states that lack blind trust rules take relied on federal law as a guide. v U.Due south.C.A. App. 4. However, some interpretations of the absence of land statutory or regulatory management have taken the opposite estimation (run across e.g. Ohio, beneath).

This table is intended to provide general information and does not necessarily accost all aspects of this topic. Because the facts of each state of affairs may vary, this information may need to exist supplemented by consulting legal advisors. All content is up to date through 07/20/2021.

Blind Trusts

State	Definition of "Bullheaded Trust"	Impact on Conflicts of Interest	Related Disclosure Rules
Alabama	None found.	None constitute.	None found.
Alaska	To qualify equally a bullheaded trust, the following conditions must exist met: (AK ST § 39.50.040) Trust may not contain investments or avails if the ownership right or interest is required to be recorded in a public office other than with the Alaska Public Offices Committee, or contain assets with permanency that makes transfer improbable or impractical, including existent estate, security interests in personal property, mortgages, and interests in closely held businesses. Trustee shall exist a bank, trust company, or other institutional fiduciary. Trustee shall take full authority to manage the trust. Trust instrument shall contain a articulate statement that its purpose is to remove from the settlor control and noesis of investment of trust assets and so that conflicts between the settlor's responsibilities and duties as a public official and the settlor's personal or financial interests will exist eliminated. During trust's term, a settlor or other beneficiary may not communicate with the trustee except in writing and only regarding (A) a request for a distribution, (B) the general fiscal requirements regarding distributions from the trust every bit a whole, (C) direction to the trustee that, considering a law, executive order, or regulation prohibits the settlor from holding an asset, the nugget may non be held by the trust, (D) direction to the trustee to sell all of an nugget initially placed in the trust because the settlor has adamant the sale is necessary to avoid a disharmonize of interest, the advent of impropriety, or an ethical violation; quarterly the trustee may provide to the settlor a written study of the amass marketplace value of the trust'due south avails and property but may not disclose to the settlor or other beneficiary of the trust, or whatsoever other interested party, any information about the identity and nature of whatever of the assets in the trust, and the trustee shall be required to report whatever known alienation of this confidentiality. Trust shall end just upon order of the commission, death or incompetence of the settlor, termination of the settlor'southward status as a public official, or revocation canonical in advance by the commission; the trustee shall exist required to promptly written report whatever termination of the trust to the commission. Trustee shall set up the income tax return of the trust and may participate in the audit of the trust's returns with authorization to compromise a tax liability of the trust, but may not disclose the return or information related to the render, except, promptly after the shut of each taxable year of the trust, the trustee shall provide the settlor with an almanac report summarizing information apropos the trust, including cyberspace income or loss, expenses, capital gains, and capital letter losses of the trust, as necessary to enable the settlor to prepare and file tax returns required by law; however, the summary may not directly or indirectly place a security or other holding that is an asset or sometime nugget of the trust. Trustee shall be directed to avoid knowingly making any investment in a corporation, business organization, or venture over which the settlor is likely to have activity by virtue of the settlor'due south official position. For the elapsing of the trust, a settlor or other beneficiary may non pledge, mortgage, or otherwise encumber a person's interests in an nugget that is part of the trust, the settlor may not retain control over the trustee, and the settlor is not permitted to brand any recommendations or suggestions as to the trust property. Trust instrument agreement must provide that the trustee will give the attorney general or personnel lath access to any records or data related to the trust that is necessary when investigating or hearing an accusation alleging a violation of the Alaska Executive Branch Ethics Act. Trustee shall written report to the commission the beginning and ending value of the trust, and, if the commission requests, the trustee shall prepare under seal a detailed clarification of transactions and holdings of the trust; the document prepared by the trustee under seal is not public information unless an accusation under the Alaska Executive Branch Ethics Act relevant to the blind trust is filed by the attorney general or the personnel board. The trust may not get effective until the trust instrument is submitted and approved by the commission. Note: this seems to apply to but executive branch officials and employees. AS § 39.50.200. Nonetheless, the Alaska Public Offices Commission, which has jurisdiction over the legislature, appears to require the same fiscal disclosures of legislators. 2 AAC fifty.680 (Current equally of 07/twenty/2021).	May insulate from bodily or potential conflicts of interest, or the appearance of conflict. AK ST § 39.50.040. Notation: this seems to apply to simply executive co-operative officials and employees. AS § 39.fifty.200. Still, the Alaska Public Offices Committee, which has jurisdiction over the legislature, appears to require the same financial disclosures of legislators. two AAC 50.680 (Electric current equally of 07/twenty/2021).	The original assets placed in the blind trust shall be listed past the official in a statement, together with a description of the actual or potential conflicts of interest, or appearance of conflict, that the official seeks to avoid by the use of the trust. A copy of the instrument creating the blind trust must be included with the argument. A person initiating a written advice under this department shall cause a copy of the advice to be filed with the commission within five days after the date of the communication. The trustee shall maintain and make bachelor for inspection by the commission at the commission'southward request the trust's revenue enhancement returns, books of account, and other records and, on or before May 15 of each year, shall file with the committee a notarized certificate certifying compliance with this section for the preceding calendar year. AK ST § 39.50.040. Note: this seems to apply to only executive branch officials and employees. AS § 39.50.200. However, the Alaska Public Offices Commission, which has jurisdiction over the legislature, appears to crave the aforementioned fiscal disclosures of legislators. 2 AAC fifty.680 (Current equally of 07/20/2021).
Arizona	None found.	None found.	None institute.
Arkansas	None plant.	Normally information technology would be a conflict of interest for a country employee to participate in any proceeding, application, ruling, determination, merits, controversy, or whatever other matter relating to a contract or farm in which the employee or an immediate family fellow member thereof has a financial interest, or an associated business has such interest, or an organization in which the employee or fellow member of their family unit has an organisation concerning prospective employment has such an interest. However, if the interest is held in a blind trust, and then the employee shall not be deemed to have a conflict of interest regarding the matter. A.C.A. § 19-11-705. Any employee who has or obtains a benefit from any land contract with a concern in which the employee has a fiscal interest shall report the benefit to the Director of the Department of Finance and Administration, unless the interest has been placed in a disclosed blind trust. A.C.A. § 19-11-706. "Employee" means an individual cartoon a bacon from a country agency, whether elected or not, and any nonsalaried individual performing personal services for any country agency. "State bureau" definition includes, among others, whatsoever legislative trunk or other establishment of the legislative branch of the state. A.C.A. § 19-11-701.	In society for the conflict protection provision to exist triggered, the being of a blind trust must be disclosed to the Director of the Section of Finance and Administration. A.C.A. § xix-11-705.
California	No statutory definition was found. However, California's authoritative code states that a blind trust must meet the following atmospheric condition: (one) trustee must be a disinterested party other than the filer'due south spouse, child, parent, grandparent, grandchild, brother, sis, parent-in-police force, brother-in-law, sis-in-police, aunt, uncle, or first cousin or the spouse of any such person; (ii) trustee must be given complete discretion to manage the trust; (3) trustee must be required to notify the filer of the date of disposition and value at disposition of any original investments or interests in existent property so that information tin can be reported on the filer'due south next Statement of Economic Interests; (4) trustee must exist prohibited from disclosing to the filer whatever information apropos the replacement assets except for information required under this subsection or the minimum taxation information which lists only the totals of taxable items from the trust and does not depict the source of any individual item of income; and (v) if the trust is revoked while the filer is a public official, or if the filer learns of any replacement assets of the trust, the filer must file an amendment to the most recent Statement of Economic Interests disclosing the date of revocation and the previously unreported pro rata share of the trust's interests in real belongings or investments or income deriving from any such interests in real belongings or investments and disqualify himself or herself, as necessary. 2 CCR § 18235.	No relevant statutes was establish. However, California's administrative code states that: A filer must nonetheless cocky-disqualify from participating in decisions which may accept a foreseeable and material issue on financial interests. 2 CCR § 18235.	A filer with a benign involvement in a blind trust is not required to disclose the pro rata share of the trust'south interests in real property or investments, or income deriving from whatsoever such interests or investments, if those interests or investments are acquired subsequently the trust becomes "bullheaded." 2 CCR § 18235.
Colorado	None establish.	None found.	None institute.
Connecticut	"Blind trust" means a trust established past a public official or state employee or fellow member of his or her firsthand family unit for the purpose of divestiture of all control and knowledge of assets. CT ST § ane-79.	None found.	Included in fiscal involvement statements shall be the beingness of any known blind trusts and the names of the trustees. CT ST § 1-83.
Delaware	None found.	None found.	None found.
District of Columbia	None constitute.	None constitute.	None found.
Florida	None found. Florida's blind trust law (FL ST § 112.31425) was repealed by Laws 2019, c. 2019-60, § 1, eff. January ane, 2020	None plant. Florida'southward blind trust law (FL ST § 112.31425) was repealed past Laws 2019, c. 2019-60, § 1, eff. Jan 1, 2020	None found. Florida'due south bullheaded trust police force (FL ST § 112.31425) was repealed by Laws 2019, c. 2019-60, § 1, eff. Jan i, 2020.
Georgia	None found.	None found.	None plant.
Guam	None found.	None found.	None establish.
Hawaii	None found.	None found.	Disclosure requirements for candidates for state elective offices state that individual items in a bullheaded trust or mutual fund need non be disclosed if the trust or fund has been disclosed. HRS § 84-17.
Idaho	None found.	None plant.	None found.
Illinois	None found.	None plant.	None establish.
Indiana	None plant.	None constitute.	None establish that chronicle to state legislators. However, other state officers and employees' financial disclosure requirements include a provision that exempts stocks held in a blind trust from the requirement that the disclosures include the name of any corporation in which the land officer, candidate, or employee of their spouse or unemancipated children own stock or stock options valued over $ten,000. IC 4-2-6-eight.
Iowa	None found.	None constitute.	None found.
Kansas	No statutory definition was institute. However, Kansas's administrative regulations define "bullheaded trust" equally a trust established past a land officer or state employee or the individual's spouse for the purpose of divestiture of all control and knowledge of assets. Thou.A.R. 19-41-1. (Current as of 07/20/2021).	None found.	None institute.
Kentucky	None found.	None found.	None plant.
Louisiana	None institute.	None found.	None institute.
Maine	None found.	None found.	None found.
Maryland	No statutory definition was found. Nevertheless, Maryland's authoritative regulations under Championship 19a (State Ethics Commission) requires a bullheaded trust to exist: (1) Well diversified (describes a factor test for determining if a trust is well diversified); (2) Readily marketable (describes a factor test); (three) Not a property in an entity where the official or employee has as his primary State function regulatory or procurement duties relating to the entity, unless, due to the size of the holdings and the nature of the official's or employee's duties, a conflict of interest or appearance of conflict is unlikely; (4) Gratuitous of any restriction or encumbrance that would interfere with the trustee's ability to manage and control them. Code Doctor. Regs. 19A.06.02.02. Qualifications for the trustee of a blind trust are farther defined in Code Md. Regs. 19A.06.02.01 et seq. (Current as of 07/20/2021).	No specific bear upon found in country statutes. However, Maryland administrative regulations state that for purposes of disqualification requirements, interests held in a blind trust do not trigger the requirements and limitations of disqualification provisions. Code Dr.. Regs. 19A.06.01.03 (Current as of 07/20/2021).	No specific impact found in state statutes. Nonetheless, Maryland administrative regulations land that for purposes of disqualification requirements, interests held in a bullheaded trust do not trigger state disclosure or requirements. Code Md. Regs. 19A.06.01.03 (Current as of 07/20/2021).
Massachusetts	None institute.	None found.	None found.
Michigan	None found.	None found.	None institute.
Minnesota	None found.	None constitute.	None plant. Notwithstanding, the definitions section of the Minnesota chapter on Entrada Finance and Public Disclosure excludes from the definition of "securities" whatsoever of the underlying assets endemic in a bullheaded trust. Yard.S.A. § 10A.01. This could bespeak that the individual owned assets within a blind trust practise not need to exist disclosed, only the blind trust itself.
Mississippi	A bullheaded trust shall comply with the post-obit atmospheric condition: (a) The trustee of a blind trust shall be: A depository financial institution, trust or brokerage company authorized to practice fiduciary powers, an private who is an employee of whatsoever such fiduciary, a police force firm or an attorney, AND a disinterested party other than the public official or employee's spouse, child, parent, grandparent, grandchild, brother, sister, parent-in-constabulary, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, aunt, uncle, get-go cousin, or the spouse of any such person, AND someone who is not a public official or public employee, AND someone who has not been appointed to a public entity by the public official or public employee, or past a public official or public employee supervised by the filer. (b) The trustee shall be given complete discretion to manage the trust, including, simply not limited to, the power to dispose of and learn trust holdings without consulting or notifying the filer. (c) The trustee is prohibited from disclosing to the filer any information concerning the replacement holdings except for information required under this subsection or the minimum tax information which lists but the totals of taxable items from the trust and does non describe the source of individual items of income. (d) A copy of the trust agreement shall be filed with the commission inside 5 business organisation days later execution, including an identification of the holdings placed in trust, a statement detailing the date of its creation, and the name and address of the trustee. (e) The trustee annually shall file with the commission a signed argument, under penalty of perjury, stating that he or she has not revealed any information to the filer other than equally permitted under this section and that, to the best of the trustee'due south knowledge, the trust is in compliance with this section. (f) The trustee and the public official or public employee shall not communicate about the blind trust, directly or indirectly, except in writing, and a copy of all such written communications shall be transmitted to the committee. (g) If the trust is revoked during the catamenia of the public official'southward or public employee's tenure in part, then the public official or public employee, within ten business days, shall file a statement disclosing all of the assets of the trust at the time of its revocation. MS ST § 25-4-28.	None found.	A public official or public employee who has an involvement in a bullheaded trust is not required to disclose the holdings of the bullheaded trust, if those holdings are acquired past the trustee after the trust meets all requirements. MS ST § 25-4-28.
Missouri	None found.	None plant.	None found.
Montana	None found.	None plant.	None institute.
Nebraska	None found.	None found.	None establish.
Nevada	None found.	None found.	None constitute.
New Hampshire	None constitute.	None plant.	None establish.
New Jersey	None institute.	None found. However, co-ordinate to an executive guild, which might non be relevant for rules as they apply to legislators or legislative employees, a blind trust may exist used to erect a barrier between State officers and employees and their investments so that such officers might be shielded from potential conflicts. McGreevey Executive Order No. 10, February. 28, 2002.	None constitute.
New Mexico	No statutory definition institute within the sections on government ethics. However, the affiliate on Public Purchases and Property uses a definition for blind trusts that defines them as a trust managed past a person other than the employee-beneficiary in which the employee-beneficiary is not given notice of alterations in the property of the trust. Northward.M. Stat. Ann. § 13-1-32.	None found.	None found.
New York	None plant.	None plant. Nevertheless, a State Ethics Commission Advisory Opinion discussing the New York Public Officers Law institute that a properly formed blind trust may shield an official from certain conflicts of interest, merely it required consummate divestiture from any command of assets held in trust. Advisory Opinion No. 96-fourteen.	None constitute.
N Carolina	Blind trust. A trust established by or for the benefit of a covered person or a fellow member of the covered person's immediate family for divestiture of all control and knowledge of avails. A trust qualifies as a blind trust nether this subdivision if the covered person or a member of the covered person's immediate family has no knowledge of the holdings and sources of income of the trust, the trustee of the trust is independent of and not associated with or employed by the covered person or a member of the covered person's firsthand family and is not a member of the covered person'due south extended family, and the trustee has sole discretion as to the management of the trust avails. Due north.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 163A-152.	None found.	Assets or liabilities held in a blind trust are excepted from the requirement that each asset and liability with a value of at least $10,000 owned by the filer or their immediate family be disclosed. Northward.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 163A-189.
N Dakota	None found.	None found.	None institute.
Ohio	None found.	None institute. However, a State Ethics Committee advisory opinion said, "there is no provision in Ohio that recognizes or provides for the cosmos of 'blind trusts.' Consequently, the Ethics Police does not recognize a method by which blind trusts, and their assets, can exist disclosed in a manner that is consistent with the purpose in creating a blind trust." Advisory Opinion No. 2005-01.	None found. Nevertheless, a State Ideals Commission informational stance said, "at that place is no provision in Ohio that recognizes or provides for the creation of 'blind trusts.' Consequently, the Ethics Police force does non recognize a method by which blind trusts, and their assets, can exist disclosed in a manner that is consistent with the purpose in creating a blind trust." Advisory Opinion No. 2005-01.
Oklahoma	None found.	None found.	None found.
Oregon	None constitute.	None establish.	Individual items involved in a mutual fund or blind trust, along with other types of assets, may be excepted from the requirement that information relating to each business organization that a public official or candidate or household member thereof has or had a personal, beneficial interest or investment over $one,000 must be disclosed. Or. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 244.070.
Pennsylvania	None found.	None plant.	None found.
Puerto Rico	None institute.	None found.	None institute.
Rhode Island	None establish.	None found.	None constitute.
South Carolina	None found.	Where a public official, public member, or public employee or a fellow member of his immediate family holds an economic involvement in a blind trust, he is non considered to have a conflict of interest with regard to matters pertaining to that economical interest, if the existence of the blind trust has been disclosed to the appropriate supervisory role. SC ST § 8-13-700.	None constitute.
Southward Dakota	None plant.	None found.	None plant.
Tennessee	A trust shall be considered a "blind trust" if created to benefit an private, their spouse or any dependent child and is under the direction and control of a trustee who is a bank or trust visitor authorized to exercise fiduciary powers, a licensed attorney or a banker who: Is independent of and not associated with whatsoever party interested in the trust; Is not or has not been an employee of any interested party or whatever organization affiliated with any interested party, and is not a partner of, or involved in whatever joint venture or other investment with any interested political party; and Is non a relative of any political party. There shall be no communications direct or indirect between the trustee and an interested party with respect to the trust unless the communication is in writing, except for communications that solely consist of requests for distributions of cash or other unspecified avails of the trust. The written communications shall be limited to the general financial interest and needs of the interested party including, but not limited to, an involvement in maximizing income or long-term capital gain. The interested parties shall make no effort to obtain data with respect to the holdings of the trust, including obtaining a re-create of any trust tax render filed or whatever information relating to the trust, except equally may be needed by the interested parties in social club to file taxation returns. Tenn. Code Ann. § 35-50-120.	None found.	For annual financial reports, must disembalm name of parties interested in the bullheaded trust with the name and address of the trustee. Not required to disembalm individual assets held in a bullheaded trust. Tenn. Code Ann. § ii-10-128.
Texas	A blind trust is a trust as to which: (ane) the trustee: is a disinterested political party; is not the individual; is not required to annals as a lobbyist nether Chapter 305; is non a public officeholder or public employee; and was not appointed to public office by the individual or by a public officer or public employee the individual supervises; and (2) the trustee has complete discretion to manage the trust, including the power to dispose of and acquire trust assets without consulting or notifying the private. Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 572.023.	Financial interests prohibited in the statutory section on potential conflicts of involvement excludes blind trusts, among others. Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 2261.252.	Fiscal statements are required to identify the source and category of the corporeality of all income received equally the casher of a trust, other than a qualifying blind trust, and identification of each trust nugget, if known to the beneficiary, from which income was received past the casher in backlog of $500. Tex. Gov't Lawmaking Ann. § 572.023.
Utah	None constitute.	None found.	For each entity in which the regulated officeholder holds whatsoever stocks or bonds having a fair marketplace value of $5,000 or more than as of the date of the disclosure class or during the preceding year, but excluding funds that are managed by a third party, including bullheaded trusts, managed investment accounts, and mutual funds: (i) the name of the entity; and (ii) a brief description of the type of business or activity conducted by the entity. Utah Code Ann. § 20A-11-1604.
Vermont	None found.	None found.	None plant.
Virginia	None found.	None found.	None found.
Virgin Islands	None found.	None constitute.	None found.
Washington	None found.	None found.	None found.
West Virginia	"Qualified bullheaded trust" includes a trust in which a regulated person or immediate family has a beneficial involvement in the principal or income, and which meets the following requirements: (West. Va. Code Ann. § 6B-two-8) The trustee of the trust is a financial institution, an attorney, a certified public accountant, a banker, or an investment adviser, who (in the case of a fiscal institution or investment company, any officer or employee involved in the management or control of the trust): (A) Is contained of and unassociated with any interested political party and then that the trustee cannot be controlled or influenced in the administration of the trust by whatever interested political party; (B) Is not or has not been an employee of any interested party, or any organization affiliated with any interested party and is not a partner of, or involved in any joint venture or other investment with, any interested political party; and (C) Is not a relative of any interested party. Whatsoever nugget transferred to the trust past an interested political party is free of any restriction with respect to its transfer or sale unless such restriction is expressly approved by the ethics commission; The trust instrument which establishes the trust provides that: (A) Except to the extent provided in paragraph (F) of this subdivision the trustee in the do of his authority and discretion to manage and control the assets of the trust shall not consult or notify whatever interested party; (B) The trust shall not contain whatsoever asset the belongings of which past an interested party is prohibited by any law or regulation; (C) The trustee shall promptly notify the regulated person and the ideals commission when the holdings of any particular asset transferred to the trust past any interested party are tending of; (D) The trust tax return shall be prepared past the trustee or his designee, and such return and any information relating thereto (other than the trust income summarized in appropriate categories necessary to consummate an interested political party's taxation return), shall not be disclosed to any interested political party; (E) An interested political party shall not receive whatsoever study on the holdings and sources of income of the trust, except a report at the finish of each calendar quarter with respect to the full cash value of the involvement of the interested party in the trust or the cyberspace income or loss of the trust or any reports necessary to enable the interested party to complete an individual revenue enhancement return required by law, just such written report shall not identify whatever asset or belongings; (F) Except for communications which solely consist of requests for distribution of cash or other unspecified assets of the trust, there shall be no directly or indirect communication between the trustee and an interested party with respect to the trust unless such communication is in writing and unless information technology relates only (i) to the general financial interest and needs of the interested party (including, but not limited to, an interest in maximizing income or long-term capital gain), (two) to the notification of the trustee of a law or regulation afterward applicative to the reporting individual which prohibits the interested party from holding an asset, which notification directs that the asset not be held by the trust, or (iii) to directions to the trustee to sell all of an asset initially placed in the trust by an interested party which in the determination of the reporting individual creates a conflict of involvement or the advent thereof due to the subsequent assumption of duties past the reporting individual (only zippo herein shall require any such direction); and (G) The interested parties shall brand no endeavor to obtain information with respect to the holdings of the trust, including obtaining a copy of any trust tax return filed or any information relating thereto except as otherwise provided in this section. The proposed trust musical instrument and the proposed trustee is approved by the ethics committee and approval shall be given if the atmospheric condition of this section are met.	Exceptions to financial disclosure requirements and disharmonize of interest provisions include whatever qualified blind trust. W. Va. Code, § 6B-2-8.	Exceptions to financial disclosure requirements and disharmonize of interest provisions include any qualified blind trust. W. Va. Lawmaking, § 6B-2-8.
Wisconsin	None found.	None establish.	None institute.
Wyoming	None found.	None institute.	None found.

Source: https://www.ncsl.org/research/ethics/blind-trusts.aspx

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